Access
This refers to the ability to log in to a server or access a website or application hosted on that server. Access can also refer to the level of permissions and privileges granted to a user, such as read-only access or full administrative access.
ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability)
A set of properties that ensure that database transactions are processed reliably.
Ad Server
This is a platform that is used to serve and manage digital advertisements. Ad servers provide a centralized location for storing and delivering advertisements to websites, apps, and other digital media. They handle tasks such as trafficking, targeting, and reporting on advertising campaigns, allowing advertisers to manage their campaigns more efficiently and effectively.
Addon domain
It is a secondary domain name that is added to a hosting account and points to a subdirectory within the main account's public_html folder. It is a fully-functional domain name associated that is stored in its own directory and has its content, SQL databases, email accounts, etc.
Algorithm
A set of instructions that define a computational process.
Analytics
The use of data and metrics to understand and improve the performance of a website or application. This feature allows customers to track the performance of their website and campaigns, including website traffic, conversions, and ROI.
Anonymous FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
It is a type of FTP that allows users to connect to a server without providing a password or login credentials. This type of FTP is typically used for public file sharing and downloading. It allows anyone to access the files on the server without the need for authentication, but it also means that the server may not have control over who is accessing the files or what they are doing with them.
Apache
Apache is an open-source web server software that is widely used to host web pages and applications on the internet. It's known for its flexibility and reliability and is supported by most operating systems including Windows, Linux, and macOS. It is responsible for accepting HTTP requests from clients and returning the content to the users who make these requests.
Apache Handlers
Handlers are defined in the Apache configuration file and can be used to specify how the server should handle specific file extensions, content types, or URL patterns. The use of handlers can improve the performance and security of a website, as well as enhance its functionality.
API
Application Programming Interface, a set of rules and protocols that allow different software components to communicate with each other.
Applet
It is a small program that is executed by a web browser on a client computer. It is typically written in Java or JavaScript and is used to add interactive or dynamic functionality to a web page. Applets are often used for tasks such as image manipulation, form validation, and interactive games. They are typically embedded within HTML pages and are executed by the client's web browser rather than the server.
Application servers
Application servers are software that runs on the server and is responsible for running the application, such as Tomcat, JBoss, and Glassfish.
A-records
A record is an IP address that is associated with a domain name.
Array
A data structure that holds a collection of values that can be accessed by an index.
ASP (Active Server Pages)
ASP is a server-side scripting technology that allows dynamic web content to be generated and served to a web browser. These services provide the necessary server environment and infrastructure for running ASP scripts and applications.
Automation
It is the use of software and tools to automate repetitive tasks, processes, and workflows in the management and maintenance of a website or application.
Autoreply
A feature that automatically sends a pre-written response to incoming email messages.
Autoresponder
This is a program that automatically sends pre-written responses to incoming email messages. Autoresponder can be useful for sending out automated responses to common inquiries, such as "Thank you for your email, we will respond to your inquiry as soon as possible" or "Out of office reply".
Backup
A copy of data that is stored separately from the primary location in case the original data is lost or damaged. Backup refers to the practice of making copies of your website content in the event of a server crash.
Background Process
A background process is a computer program that runs in the background, separate from the foreground application or user interface. Background processes continue to run even when the user is not actively using the application, and they are often used to perform tasks that do not require immediate attention, such as updating a database, monitoring system resources, or sending notifications.
Bandwidth
Bandwidth is the amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given amount of time.
Blacklist
A list of email addresses or domains that are considered spam and are blocked by spam filters.
Blog
(Short for "weblog") Blog is a type of website that features regularly updated content, usually in the form of written posts (referred to as "blog posts"). It can cover a wide range of topics, including personal experiences, news and current events, technology, politics, and more.
Bounced Email
These are the email messages that get returned to the sender because it was unable to be delivered to the recipient's inbox. Bounced emails can occur for various reasons, such as an invalid email address, a full mailbox, or a blocked domain or IP address. The bounce message typically contains information about the reason for the failure, and it is sent back to the sender by the recipient's email server.
Bounce rate
It is a metric used in web analytics to measure the percentage of single-page visits or visits in which the user leaves a website after only viewing a single page
Browser
This is a software application that allows users to access, view, and interact with information on the World Wide Web. The most common browsers are Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, and Microsoft Edge (previously known as Internet Explorer).
Bug
It is a defect or error in a software program which leads to system failure. Bugs can range from minor issues, such as program/code errors, software applications incompatibility, and incorrect text display, to major problems, such as crashes or security vulnerabilities.
Cache
This is a high-speed memory storage system that temporarily holds data for faster retrieval. It is used in computing to speed up access to data by storing frequently used data in a way that it can be quickly accessed.
Caching
The process of storing frequently accessed data in a temporary storage location, so that it can be quickly retrieved and served to users without having to be regenerated or retrieved from the original source.
Cassandra
A NoSQL database that is designed for high scalability and availability.
Catch-All Email
A catch-all email address is a type of email account that receives all email messages sent to a domain, regardless of the intended recipient. It acts as a catch-all or catch-all mailbox for a domain and is typically set up to receive any email sent to a non-existent email address at that domain.
CDN
Content Delivery Network, a system of distributed servers that work together to efficiently deliver web content to users based on their geographic location.
CGI(Common Gateway Interface)
It is a standard protocol for executing scripts on a web server to generate dynamic web pages. CGI allows a web server to run scripts or programs written in a variety of programming languages, such as Perl, Python, or C, in response to HTTP requests from a client's web browser. It has been largely replaced by more modern technologies such as server-side scripting languages (such as PHP or Ruby on Rails) and JavaScript, which provide more powerful and flexible options for generating dynamic web content. It is stored in a special directory called CGI-bin.
Cgi-bin
It is a special directory on a web server where CGI scripts are stored and executed.
ClamAV
ClamAV is a free, open-source antivirus software for detecting and removing malware, including viruses, trojans, and spyware. It is commonly used on servers, email gateways, and other types of networked systems.
Class
A template for creating objects that define the properties and methods of the object. Classes are used in object-oriented programming to create objects that have similar characteristics.
Cloud hosting
A cloud hosting is a hosting service that uses a network of remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data over the internet to host websites and applications
Cloud server
A cloud server is a virtual server that runs on a cloud computing platform.
CMS(Content Management System)
is a software application that provides a platform for managing and organizing digital content. A CMS allows users to create, store, and publish digital content, such as text, images, videos, and audio, without requiring technical expertise in web development. Examples of CMS are WordPress, Joomla and Drupal, etc.
CNAME
Canonical Name, a type of DNS record that specifies a domain name as an alias of another domain name.
Community forum
This is a forum where customers can ask and answer questions, share tips and advice, and interact with other customers.
Compliance
This refers to the adherence to laws, regulations, and standards that pertain to data storage, data privacy, and other aspects of hosting services.
Conditional statement
A control structure that allows a program to make decisions based on certain conditions.
Constant
A named storage location that holds a value that cannot be changed during the execution of a program. A constant is used to store a value that will not change throughout the program.
Collocated hosting(co-located)
This is a type of hosting service that gives the opportunity to rent physical space for your server hardware in a data center owned by a hosting company. The customer provides and manages their own server equipment and is responsible for installing, configuring, and maintaining the operating system, software, and network connectivity.
Cookie
It is a small text file that is stored on a user's computer or device by a website. Cookies are used to track user activity and store information about the user's preferences, login information, and browsing history.
Country code top-level domain
A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain (TLD) that is assigned to a specific country, territory, or geographic location. ccTLDs are two-letter extensions such as ".fr", ".au", ".jp" and ".ng"
cPanel
A web-based control panel for managing and administering a website, it's a popular control panel among hosting providers.
CPU
Central Processing Unit, the primary component of a computer that performs most of the processing.
Cron jobs
These are commands that the web server executes at a particular time. It is a scheduled task that runs automatically on a Unix-based operating system, such as Linux or macOS. The cron job is configured using a special file called the crontab, which specifies when and how the job should run.
Customization
The ability to customize the hosting service to fit the specific needs of a website or application, such as choosing the operating system, programming languages, and database management system of operations
Daemons
Daemons are background processes that run on the server to perform various tasks that are important for the server's operation and performance. The use of daemons in web hosting enables servers to perform tasks automatically and efficiently, providing a stable and reliable hosting environment for websites and applications.
Database
A set of structured data that is stored and accessed electronically.
Database management system
The database management system (DBMS) is the software that manages the data stored in the database, such as creating, reading, updating, and deleting records. Common DBMS's include MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Microsoft SQL Server.
Data center network
A data center network is a collection of servers and other devices that are physically located in the same facility.
Data type
The type of value that a variable or constant can hold, such as string, integer, float, etc.
DDOS
(Distributed Denial of Service) refers to a type of cyber attack that aims to overload a server or network with a large amount of traffic, making it unavailable to legitimate users
DDoS protection
DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) protection helps to prevent attacks that aim to overwhelm a server with traffic.
Debugging
The process of identifying and resolving errors or bugs in a website or application that is hosted on a server. This can include issues related to the server itself, such as configuration errors, or issues related to the code of the website or application, such as syntax errors or logical bugs.
Dedicated Server
It is a type of hosting service where a customer rents an entire physical server and all of its resources from a hosting provider. A server that is dedicated to a single client or organization.
Dedicated hosting
A hosting service where a single server is dedicated to hosting a single website or multiple websites owned by a single user. The server is under your control and you do not get to share with other users.
Dedicated IP address
This is a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address that is assigned exclusively to a single hosting account. What this means is that you will be the only one using this IP address on the internet.
Data Transfer
Is the total amount of data that can be uploaded/downloaded (transferred) through your site in a fixed amount of time. This data is usually referred to as images, software, videos, etc.
DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail)
This is a technology used to authenticate the identity of the sender of an email and the integrity of its contents. It is a type of email authentication method that uses digital signatures to verify that an email has not been altered during transit.
Dictionary Attack
Type of brute force attack where an attacker uses a list of words, such as a dictionary, to try and guess a password in an attempt to gain unauthorized access to a server, website or application. The attacker tries each word in the dictionary as a password until they find the correct one. Dictionary attacks can be automated and often target weak, easily guessable passwords.
Directory
A container for files and other directories on a server.
Disk space
The amount of storage space provided by a hosting provider for a website's files and data. Disk space is a measure of how much stuff you can store on a server or in your hosting account.
DNS
Domain Name System, a hierarchical naming system which allows domain names to be translated into their corresponding IP addresses
Domain name
A unique name that identifies a website on the internet such as testing.com and can be converted into an IP address by DNS. The name of a website or location on the Internet.
Domain Aliases
A domain alias is a secondary domain name that is associated with an existing website or domain. A domain alias allows multiple domain names to be associated with a single website so that visitors can access the website using different domain names.
Domain name expiration
The date on which a domain name registration expires and must be renewed.
Domain Forwarding
A feature that redirects one domain name to another domain name or URL.
Domain privacy
Domain privacy is a service that masks the personal information of the domain registrant in the WHOIS database.
Domain Point
This refers to the process of associating a domain name with a specific IP address or website. Domain pointing is performed by modifying the domain's DNS records to direct traffic to the desired website or IP address.
Domain parking
Domain parking refers to the practice of registering a domain name for the purpose of adding it to a hosting account and resolving it to an index page. The domain owner may "park" the domain and display advertisements, often with the intention of generating revenue through pay-per-click advertising
Domain Propagation
This is the process of updating the global Domain Name System (DNS) servers with the information of a newly registered domain name or changes made to an existing domain name's DNS records. Propagation is the period of time involved in sending your domain's address information to various name servers in the world. . The time it takes for the changes to fully propagate can vary, but usually takes between 24 to 48 hours.
Downtime
The percentage of time that a website or server is unavailable or inaccessible to users.
Drupal
Drupal is a free and open-source content management system (CMS) used to build and manage websites.
E-Commerce features
A set of functionalities that are designed to support online businesses.
Email account
An email account is a service that allows a person to send and receive electronic mail (email) messages over the internet
Email alias
An alternate email address that is associated with an existing email account.
Email Body
The main content area of the message, where the message text or content is placed. The content of the body can include information such as the message text, signature, and any attachments.
Email client
An email client is a software program that is used to access and manage email messages. examples of email clients are Outlook, Thunderbird, Opera Mail, etc
Email Filter
An email filter is a feature or tool used to automatically sort and manage incoming email messages based on predefined criteria. It can be used to identify and categorize spam, sort emails into folders or labels, or automatically delete certain messages.
Email forwarding
Is a feature used to redirect emails sent from one email address to another. A copy is sent to the forward address, without the recipient's knowledge. The sender is not informed that their email has been forwarded.
Email Headers
Email headers are the lines of metadata at the top of an email message that provides information about the message, such as the sender, recipient, date and time, and routing information. Email headers contain technical information that is used by email servers to route and deliver the message, and can also be used to track the path of the message and verify its authenticity. Email headers can be viewed by accessing the full "source" or the "original" version of an email message. They are usually not visible to the end-user in the default view of an email client or webmail interface.
Email hosting
A service that provides email accounts and management tools for a domain.
Email quota
The maximum amount of storage space that is allocated for an email account.
Email signature
A block of text that is automatically added to the end of outgoing email messages.
Encapsulation
It is the practice of isolating and protecting resources on a server or network from unauthorized access or modification. This is typically achieved by using security mechanisms such as firewalls, access controls, and encryption to restrict access to sensitive data and resources.
Error Pages
An error page is a warning page to let your website visitors know that there is an error on the web page that they are trying to access. The error pages are also displayed when there is a server-related error. The error pages include 500 internal server errors (usually displayed when a server or database is down) or a 404 page not found error (displayed when the requested web page does not exist).
Entry Pages (also known as a landing page)
This is the first page that a user sees when visiting a website.
Exception
It is an event that occurs when something unexpected happens, such as a server error or a problem with a website or application. Exceptions are used to handle errors and unexpected situations in the program.
Fantastico
Fantastico is a web-based software installation tool that is used to automate the installation of popular open-source web applications, such as blogs, forums, wikis, and e-commerce platforms.
Field
A column in a table that contains a specific piece of data.
File
A collection of data that is stored on a computer or server.
File compression
The process of reducing the size of a file for storage or transmission.
File download
The process of transferring files from a remote server to a local computer.
File encryption
The process of converting data into a code to protect it from unauthorized access.
File extension
A suffix added to the end of a file name that indicates the type of file.
File manager
A tool used to navigate and manage files on a server.
File ownership
The user or group that has the ability to manage a file or directory.
File permissions
The level of access that users have to a file or directory.
File synchronization
The process of ensuring that files are the same on multiple computers or servers.
File transfer
The process of moving files from one computer or server to another.
File upload
The process of transferring files from a local computer to a remote server.
File versioning
The process of keeping multiple versions of a file, allowing one to go back to a previous version if needed.
Firewall
It is a security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic, based on a set of rules and security policies. flexibility. It is the ability to easily change or adapt the hosting service to meet the changing needs of a website or application.
Flash
It is a programming technique that allows movies and animation to be shown and transmitted seamlessly through a web browser.
Folder
A type of directory used to organize files on a server.
Forum
This refers to a web-based discussion platform where users can post messages, exchange ideas, and ask questions about a particular topic.
Foreign key
A foreign key in hosting is a database term that refers to a field or column in a table that is used to establish a link between data in two different tables. The foreign key is used to reference the primary key of another table, creating a link or relationship between the two tables.
Forwarding
A feature that automatically forwards incoming email messages to another email address.
FrontPage
This was a popular website administration tool and WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) HTML editor and web design software developed by Microsoft. It was used to create and manage websites and web applications. FrontPage offered an intuitive interface for designing and editing web pages, as well as a range of tools for creating forms, tables, and dynamic content. It also included support for scripting languages such as ASP and scripting tools for creating dynamic, database-driven web pages. Microsoft FrontPage was succeeded by Microsoft SharePoint Designer and was officially discontinued in December 2006.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol, a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another over a TCP-based network such as the internet.
Function
This refers to a specific set of instructions or code that performs a specific task or calculation. Functions can be used to improve the performance, scalability and security of the website or application, by isolating specific tasks and separating them from the main code.
FXP(File Exchange Protocol)
It is a protocol used for transferring files between two servers. FXP enables fast, direct transfer of files from one server to another, bypassing the need for an intermediate FTP client.
Green Hosting
Green hosting is an Eco-friendly hosting service that incorporates green technologies for providing hosting services. This means that the hosting provider is taking steps to reduce its carbon footprint and minimize its impact on the environment. Green hosting comprises environment-friendly materials and it works towards reducing emissions and optimizes the use of resources.
Guestbook
It is an application used on websites that allow visitors to leave comments or feedback. The guestbook can be used as a way for website visitors to share their thoughts, ask questions, or provide feedback. You can find users that interacted with your site and their attitude towards it. Some websites implement guestbooks as simple HTML pages, while others use more advanced technology such as databases and server-side scripting languages such as PHP or ASP.NET.
.htaccess(hypertext access)
.htaccess is a configuration file used by the Apache web server software. It is a simple text file that allows webmasters to control various aspects of their websites, such as URL redirects, password protection, and custom error pages.
Hardware
This refers to the physical components of a server or network that are used to run, manage, and maintain a website or application
Hits
This is the number of requests made to a server to access a website. A single visit to a website can generate multiple hits, as the server must respond to requests for each individual file (e.g. images, stylesheets, scripts, etc.).
Hosting
Hosting is the service of providing storage and access for a website or application on a server.
Hotlink Protection
It is a feature that prevents other websites from directly linking to and using a host's bandwidth to serve files, such as images or videos, from the host's server.
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language, it is the standard language used to create and structure web pages. HTML consists of a series of elements and tags that define the structure and content of a web page, such as headings, paragraphs, images, links, etc. HTML files are interpreted by web browsers, which render the web pages in a graphical user interface.
HTML Editor
An HTML editor is a software application used for creating and editing webpages (HTML code) for web development.
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
A secure version of HTTP that encrypts data being transmitted between a website or application and a user's browser.
HTTP Status Code
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) status codes are numerical codes that are sent by a server to a client (such as a web browser) to indicate the status of a request made by the client
ICANN
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers is a regulatory body that oversees the registration and management of domain names and ensuring the stability of the internet's naming system.
IIS
Internet Information Services it is a web server software developed by Microsoft and used to host websites and web applications. It provides a platform to deploy, manage and serve web content, including HTML pages, ASP.NET applications, and static files.
IMAP
Internet Message Access Protocol, a protocol used to access email messages on a mail server.
Index
A database object that improves the performance of queries by providing a faster way to look up data.
Index Page
An index page is a default or main web page of a website. This page is the first page that visitors see when they access the site's domain.
Integration
The ability to easily integrate the hosting service with other tools and services, such as content delivery networks and analytics platforms.
Intranet
It is a private network that is accessible only to an organization's employees. It uses internet technologies, such as web browsers and HTTP, to provide a secure and accessible platform for communication and collaboration within an organization.
Inheritance
This refers to the concept of inheriting certain properties or functionality from a parent class or object in object-oriented programming
IP address
A unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address is used to identify and locate a specific server or device on the internet. It is often used in conjunction with a domain name to form a complete web address.
IRC
(Internet Relay Chat) is a protocol for real-time text-based communication over the internet for online communication and collaboration. IRC allows users to participate in chat rooms (also known as channels) and communicate with one another in real time.
Isolation
Refers to the practice of separating different websites or applications from each other, on the same server or network. This can be done through physical or virtual means, such as using separate hardware or using virtualization technology.
ISP
Internet Service Provider is a company that provides internet connectivity, infrastructure, technology and related services needed to connect customers to the internet.
IT Tech
IT tech professionals are responsible for the design, implementation, maintenance, and support of these systems and services, ensuring that they meet the needs of their organizations and their users.
Java
Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language used for developing a wide range of applications, including web, mobile, desktop, and embedded systems.
JavaScript
JavaScript is a high-level, dynamic, and interpreted programming language used to create interactive and dynamic web pages. It is a client-side language that runs in the web browser and allows developers to add interactivity and dynamic elements to websites, such as animations, form validation, and real-time updates.
Join
A SQL operation that combines data from two or more tables based on a related column between them.
Joomla
Joomla is a free and open-source content management system (CMS) that is used to build and manage websites.
Junk mail
Refers to unwanted email messages that are often sent in bulk to a large number of recipients.
KB(kilobytes)
A unit of measurement for digital information. KB is often used to measure the size of a file, the amount of storage space used by a website or account, or the amount of data transferred during a specific time period
Kernel
The kernel is the core of the server's operating system and determines how the server interacts with the hardware, manages system resources, and allocates processing power and memory to running applications
Knowledge Base
A knowledge base is a collection of articles, tutorials, and FAQs that customers can access to learn about different aspects of hosting and troubleshooting common issues.
Leech Protection
It is a security measure used by web hosts to prevent unauthorized access or theft of their content. It's important to implement these measures to ensure the stability and security of servers.
Link building
This is the process of acquiring links from other websites to your own in order to improve the visibility and credibility of your website in search engine results.
Linux server
It is a type of server that runs on the Linux operating system. Linux is a free and open-source operating system that is widely used for servers, desktop computers, and mobile devices.
Load balancer
It is a system used in hosting that distributes incoming traffic across multiple servers in order to distribute the workload and improve performance
Load balancing
The process of distributing incoming network traffic across multiple servers
Log files
Log files are used to track activity and diagnose issues related to hosted websites and applications. This information can be used to identify issues such as slow load times, broken links, and security threats, and monitor the overall performance of hosted services.
Logging/Logs
Logs refer to records of events and activities that occur on a server. Logs can provide valuable information for diagnosing and troubleshooting issues, as well as monitoring system performance and usage. Logging refers to the process of recording events and activities that occur on a server.
Loop
It refers to a type of programming construct that allows a set of instructions to be repeatedly executed.
Mailbox
Mailbox refers to a storage location for incoming electronic messages, such as email.
Mailer-Daemon
Mailer-Daemon is an automated email message generated by an email server when an email delivery fails. It is also known as a bounce message or anon-delivery report (NDR).
Mailing List
A list of email addresses that are used to distribute information or messages to a large audience.
Maintenance
It is the regular upkeep and procedures that are required to keep a website or application running smoothly and securely. This includes tasks such as software updates, backups, security patches, and monitoring for performance issues.
Malware and virus scanning
It is the process of detecting and removing malware and viruses that may have infected a website or application
Managed hosting
A hosting service where the provider manages the maintenance and updates of the server and software.
Managed services
This refers to the outsourcing of certain hosting-related functions to a third-party provider. These services typically include the ongoing maintenance, monitoring, and management of servers, networks, and other hosting-related technology.
Memory
Also known as RAM (Random Access Memory), is a type of computer hardware used in storing data temporarily while the server is running, allowing the server to access and process information more quickly.
Money-back guarantees
A guarantee from the hosting company that allows customers to receive a full or partial refund if they are not satisfied with the services provided (and stop service).
MongoDB
A popular NoSQL database that uses a document-oriented data model. It uses a document data model, which allows for more flexible and scalable querying and indexing of data compared to traditional relational databases.
MIME
(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) is a standard used to extend the format of email messages to support the transfer of non-text data such as audio, video, images, and other binary content. MIME enables email clients to transmit and receive messages that contain multimedia content, as well as plain text, making email a more versatile and flexible communication tool.
Mirror Site
A mirror site in hosting refers to a duplicate copy of a website or application hosted on multiple servers in different locations. It is used to to distribute a load of traffic among multiple servers and ensure high availability of hosted services, especially for websites and applications with high traffic demands
Multi-tenancy
The ability to host multiple websites or applications on a single hosting service, with each having its own resources and configurations.
MySQL
It is a widely-used open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). It uses Structured Query Language (SQL) to manage and manipulate data stored in databases.
MX records
Mail exchange records, a type of DNS record that specifies a mail server responsible for accepting email messages on behalf of a domain name.
Name server
The server that translates a domain name into an IP address.
Network
It is the infrastructure that connects servers and devices, allowing them to communicate and transfer data
NOC (Network Operations Center)
It refers to a centralized location where network administrators and engineers monitor and manage an organization's network and IT infrastructure, including computer systems, servers, routers, switches, and other network components. The NOC is responsible for ensuring the availability, reliability, and performance of the hosting network and services.
Normalization
The process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.
NoSQL
A type of database that does not use a fixed schema or rely on SQL.
Object
An instance of a class. An object is created by the program and holds the values for the properties and methods defined in the class.
Operating system
The operating system is the software that runs on the server and manages the resources of the server, such as the CPU, RAM, and storage. Common operating systems used for hosting include Windows, Linux and macOS.
Optimization
This refers to the process of making adjustments to a website or application to improve its performance, speed, and efficiency.
osCommerce
osCommerce is an open-source e-commerce platform that provides online merchants with a website and tools to sell products and services online.
OS virtualization
A technology that allows hosting providers to efficiently allocate and manage resources for multiple customers on a single physical server.
Outgoing / Incoming Mail Server
An outgoing mail server (also known as an SMTP server) is responsible for sending email messages from the hosting server to the recipient's email server. An incoming mail server (also known as an IMAP or POP server) is responsible for receiving email messages from the sender's email server and storing them in the recipient's mailbox.
Overselling
Overselling refers to a practice where a hosting provider sells more server resources, such as disk space and bandwidth than it actually has available. The idea is that the hosting provider assumes that not all customers will use their full allocation of resources.
PaaS (Platform as a Service)
It is a cloud computing model where a provider delivers hardware and software tools over the internet (PaaS cloud platform) to allow customers to develop, run, and manage their applications without the need for infrastructure maintenance.
Pages
Refers to individual web pages within a website.
Parked domain
It is a domain that is pointed to the same website as another domain, or redirect to another website. Parked domains are often used as placeholders for future use, or to protect a brand by registering similar domain names. They can also be used for SEO purposes, directing traffic to a main website.
Parameter
A value that is passed to a function or script in order to customize its behaviour. The function uses this value as an input and performs the operations accordingly. They are often used to make a script or function more flexible and reusable.
Password Authentication
It is a security measure used to verify the identity of a user attempting to access a server, website, or application. When a user attempts to log in, they are prompted to enter a username and password. The system then compares the entered credentials to those stored in a database, and if they match, the user is granted access.
Password Protected Directories
Password-protected directories in hosting refers to a security feature that restricts access to certain areas of a website or server by requiring a username and password. This can be useful for protecting sensitive information, such as private documents or customer data, from unauthorized access.
Payment Gateway
It is a service that enables merchants to process credit card and other electronic payments securely and efficiently. The payment gateway acts as an intermediary between the merchant's website and the acquiring bank, which is responsible for processing and settling the payment transactions.
Patching
The process of updating software on a server helps to fix security vulnerabilities and keep the server secure.
Performance
Refers to the overall speed and responsiveness of a website or application, as well as the ability of the hosting infrastructure to handle the traffic and resource demands of the website or application
PGP (Pretty Good Privacy)
It is an encryption method that provides privacy and authentication for electronic communications. PGP is often used for secure email communication, as it allows users to encrypt and sign their email messages, as well as verify the identity of the person who sent the message.
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor)
A popular open-source programming language designed for web development. It can be embedded into HTML and is used to dynamically generate web pages. PHP is used to create dynamic and interactive websites, process form data, handle sessions, and manage databases. It is an open-source language, meaning that its source code is freely available for anyone to use and modify.
phpMyAdmin
phpMyAdmin is a free and open-source web-based tool for managing MySQL and MariaDB databases. It allows users to perform database operations through a web browser interface, such as creating tables, inserting data, and executing SQL queries.
PhpPgAdmin
It is a web-based tool for managing PostgreSQL databases. It provides an easy-to-use interface for performing common database management tasks, such as creating tables, inserting data, and executing SQL queries.
Phishing
A type of scam that uses fraudulent emails or websites to trick users into giving away sensitive information, such as login credentials or financial information.
Ping
Ping is a networking tool that is used to test the reachability and response time of a networked device, such as a server or a website. When a ping command is executed, a series of packets is sent to the target device, and the time it takes for the packets to be received and acknowledged is measured.
Plugins
Plugins are add-ons or extensions for software applications that add specific functionality. They are installed to perform certain tasks, allow for customization and added features, and can be installed or removed as needed.
Pointer
A variable that stores the memory address of another variable. It refers to a memory address that points to a specific location in memory where certain data or information is stored.
POP
Post Office Protocol, a protocol used to retrieve email messages from a mail server and store them on a local computer
POP3
POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3) is a protocol used for retrieving email from a mail server to a local client.
Polymorphism
The ability of a single function or method to operate on multiple data types. This allows the same function to be used with different types of data.
Primary key
A unique identifier for each record in a table. It is used to ensure data integrity and to establish relationships between tables in a relational database
Programming languages
These are used to write the code that runs on the server and creates the functionality of the website or application. Common programming languages used for web development include PHP, Python, and Ruby.
Propagation
It is the process of updating and distributing information related to a domain name system (DNS) change across the internet. Propagation is necessary to ensure that all servers worldwide have the most up-to-date information about a domain's IP address, which is the numerical identifier used to locate a website or web server on the internet.
Proxy
It is a server that acts as an intermediary between a local network and a larger network, or the Internet. It can be used to access content or services that are restricted by geographical location or to maintain privacy by hiding the client's IP address. Proxies can operate at the application layer (e.g. HTTP proxy) or at the network layer (e.g. SOCKS proxy).
Query
A command used to retrieve specific data from a database.
RAM
Random Access Memory, is a type of computer memory that stores data temporarily, allowing the CPU to quickly access and use the data. In hosting, RAM is important because it determines how much memory is available for the server to use in running applications, hosting websites, and handling requests from users
RAID
Redundant Array of Independent Devices): It is used to improve the reliability, performance, and storage capacity of server systems by combining multiple physical disk drives.
Raw logs (also referred to as server logs)
These are unprocessed records of events generated by a computer system or application, typically stored in a log file. Raw logs contain detailed information about the activity of a system, including the date and time of events, the type of event, the source of the event, and any additional information that is relevant to the event.
Reboot
A reboot refers to the process of restarting a server to reinitialize its operating system and software. This may be necessary to resolve system issues, apply security patches or upgrades, or improve performance.
Record
A specific entry in a database or file that contains information about a specific item or object.
Recursion
A technique where a function calls itself to solve a problem or accomplish a certain task. It is a technique used to simplify complex algorithms and can be useful in tasks such as traversing a directory tree, generating fractals, or performing certain types of data manipulation.
Redirect
A redirect in web hosting refers to a process where a web server sends a response to a browser or user agent indicating that a requested URL should be accessed through a different URL. Redirects are used to direct visitors to a different page or website, to handle URL changes, or to preserve links when moving a website to a new domain or hosting platform.
Redis
An in-memory data store that is used as a database, cache, and message broker.
Referrers
It is the information that is sent to a website's server about the source of a user's request.
Registrar
An organization that manages the reservation of domain names.
Renewal
The process of extending the registration of a domain name.
Return value
The value that is returned by a function after it has been executed. The returned value can be used as an output by the calling program.
Remote access
The ability to access and control a server or other device from a remote location.
Reseller Hosting
It is a type of web hosting in which a company or individual buys a bulk amount of web hosting services from a larger hosting provider and then resells those services to their own customers.
Reverse DNS (Domain Name System)
It is a type of DNS resolution that maps an IP address to a domain name. It is used to determine the domain name associated with a particular IP address.
24/7 support
The availability of the support staff to help customers at any time of the day or night.
Scalability
The ability to easily scale the resources of a website or application, such as storage and computing power, as the needs change.
Search engine optimization (SEO)
It is the process of optimizing a website or webpage to improve its visibility and ranking in search engine results pages (SERPs)
Search Strings
It is a sequence of characters that a user enters into a search engine or a website's search box to find specific information.
Second-level domain (SLD)
The part of a domain name immediately to the left of the TLD, such as "testing" in "testing.com".
Security
It is the various measures that are taken to protect a website or application from cyber attacks, data breaches, and other security threats.
Self-service
The ability to easily manage and maintain the hosting service through a self-service control panel, without the need for assistance from the hosting provider.
Server
A machine or system that manages network resources, and is used to host applications and websites.
Server Administrator
A server administrator is a person responsible for the maintenance, configuration, and reliable operation of computer servers.
Server location
Refers to the physical location of the server where the website is hosted.
Server performance
This refers to the capacity and efficiency of a server to handle the load and requests made to a website or application.
Session
The period of time during which a user is interacting with a website
Shared hosting
A hosting service where multiple websites are hosted on a single server, sharing resources such as disk space and bandwidth.
Shared IP
A shared IP (Internet Protocol) address is an IP address that is used by multiple websites or accounts on a single server. This means that the IP address of each website is not unique, and all websites using the same shared IP are essentially hosted on the same server.
Shared server
A server that shared its resources among multiple clients or organizations.
Shopping cart
A shopping cart is a software application that allows customers to purchase products or services online.
SLA (Service Level Agreement)
An SLA is a contract between the hosting provider and the customer that defines the level of service and support that the customer can expect to receive.
Software
Refers to the different types of software that are used to run, manage, and maintain a website or application on a server.
Spam
Unsolicited or unwanted email messages.
SPF (Sender Policy Framework)
It is an email authentication protocol used to prevent spam and phishing by verifying the domain from which an email is sent.
Spoofing
It is the practice of disguising one's identity in order to gain unauthorized access to a network, examples are IP spoofing, email spoofing, and domain spoofing.
SFTP
SFTP stands for SSH File Transfer Protocol or Secure File Transfer Protocol. It's a network protocol that allows data transfer via a single connection using a secure shell protocol.
SQL
Structured Query Language, a programming language used to manage and manipulate relational databases.
SSH (Secure Shell)
A secure method of remotely accessing and managing a server using a command-line interface.
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, a protocol used to send and receive email messages over the internet.
SSI (Server Side Includes)
SSI is a technology for embedding dynamic content within a web page.
SSL/TLS certificates
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) certificates are used to secure the communication between a website and its users which helps to protect sensitive information such as login credentials and financial data.
Staging environments
This refers to a replica of a live production environment, typically used for testing and development purposes.
Speed
This refers to how quickly a website or application can load and respond to requests.
Storage
The physical space on a server where data is stored.
Streaming Media
Audio or video content that is delivered in real-time over the internet. It allows the user to start playing the content immediately without having to wait for the entire file to download.
Subdomain
A subdomain can be referred to as a domain that is a part of a larger domain, typically created to organize and structure a website.
Support
Refers to the assistance that hosting providers offer to their customers to help them set up, maintain, and troubleshoot their websites and applications.
Syntax
The set of rules that define the structure of a programming language. It includes the grammar, keywords, and punctuation used to write a program.
Table
A collection of related data that is organized in a specific format.
TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
It is a suite of communication protocols that provides the foundation for the Internet and the World Wide Web. TCP/IP is used to transmit data between the server hosting a website or web application and the clients (e.g. web browsers) that access it.
Technical support
The support provided by hosting companies to help customers with technical issues such as server configuration, troubleshooting, and software installation.
Telnet
It was often used to access web servers and other networked devices for administration and maintenance purposes in the past. Telnet has now been replaced with SSH
Testing
It is the process of evaluating the functionality, performance, and security of a website or application that is hosted on a server.
Theme
Themes are pre-designed templates or skins that change the appearance of a software application or website. Themes are often used to personalize the user experience or to match a specific style or brand.
Third-level domain
The part of a domain name that immediately precedes the second-level domain, if present, such as "www" in "www.testing.com".
TLD
Top-level domain, the part of a domain name that comes after the dot, such as .com, .org, .edu
Traceroute
Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to determine the route taken by packets from a source host to a destination host, measuring the transit time of each hop the packet makes and identifying any intermediate routers along the path.
Traffic
This refers to the amount of data that is sent and received by a website or application.
Transfer
The process of moving a domain name from one registrar to another.
Trial period
A trial period is a limited time during which a customer can test or evaluate a product or service before committing to a purchase.
Updates
This is the process of applying new software patches and upgrades to servers, networks, and other hosting-related technology. These updates can include security patches to fix vulnerabilities, performance improvements, bug fixes, and new features.
UNIX
UNIX is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system that was first developed in the late 1960s. It is a command-line-based operating system, which means that users interact with the system using text-based commands.
Unlimited hosting
Unlimited hosting refers to a type of web hosting service that offers unlimited or "unmetered" amounts of certain resources, such as storage space, bandwidth, and email accounts.
Unmanaged hosting
A hosting service where the client is responsible for the maintenance and updates of the server and software
URL(Uniform Resource Locator)
A URL refers to the address of a website or web page that is accessible on the Internet.
Uptime
The percentage of time that a website or server is available and accessible to users.
User-friendly
Refers to the ease of use and understandability of the hosting platform, control panel and other related tools.
Variable
A named storage location that holds a value that can be changed during the execution of a program. The value stored in a variable can be accessed and modified by the program.
Virtualization
This refers to the practice of creating virtual environments that simulate the functionality of a physical server. This allows multiple isolated virtual servers to run on a single physical server, which can help to improve the utilization of server resources, reduce costs and increase flexibility.
Virtual private server (VPS)
It is a type of hosting service that uses virtualization technology to create a separate, isolated environment for each customer on a single physical server.
Virus
Refers to malicious software that can infect servers and other devices, and cause them to malfunction or become compromised
Virus scanning
It is the process of detecting and removing malware from servers and other devices that are used to host websites and applications
Visits
The number of times a website is accessed by visitors.
VPS
This is a type of hosting service that allows a user to have their own virtualized server environment.
Web Application Framework
A web application framework is a software framework that is designed to support the development of dynamic websites, web applications, and web services
Webmail
A web-based interface used to access email messages through a browser.
Webmaster (also called web developer, or site administrator)
A webmaster is a person who is responsible for managing and maintaining a website and its hosting server.
Web browser
An application used to access the internet and view web pages
Web Developer
A person who uses use various technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and specializes in building and maintaining websites.
Webpage
A webpage is a single document on the World Wide Web that can contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia elements.
Website builder
Website builder is a tool that allows users to create and design a website without requiring extensive coding knowledge. It offers features such as drag-and-drop elements, pre-designed templates, and content management systems.
Web server
The web server is the software that handles the requests made to a website or application, and serves the appropriate content to the user. Common web servers include Apache, Nginx, and IIS.
Web Stat Program
A web stat program is a software tool that is used to generate and analyze web statistics raw data in the Apache raw weblogs
Web Statistics
Web statistics are data that provide information about the usage and performance of a website.
Whitelist
A list of email addresses or domains that are considered safe and are not blocked by spam filters.
WHOIS
WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is widely used for looking up information on domain names. WHOIS databases contain information on the registration of a domain name, such as the registrant's name, address, phone number, and email address.
WHM (Web Host Manager)
It is a web-based control panel for managing a server running the popular web hosting platform cPanel. WHM provides a comprehensive set of tools for resellers to create and manage hosting accounts set up email accounts, manage backups, and monitor server performance.
Wildcard
A domain record that allows all subdomains to match with a certain IP or domain. It is often used in DNS settings to redirect all subdomains of a domain to a specific IP address or web page.
Windows hosting
It is a type of web hosting service that uses servers running the Microsoft Windows operating system to host websites. It is used for websites built using Microsoft technologies such as ASP.NET or Microsoft SQL Server, which require a Windows-based hosting environment.
WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get)
WYSIWYG is often used to describe a type of website builder or content management system that provides a visual interface for creating and editing web pages, without requiring manual coding.
Windows Server
It is a server operating system developed by Microsoft that can be used in web hosting environments. It provides a range of features and services, including web server software (IIS), database support (SQL Server), and support for other web technologies. Hosting on Windows Server can provide advantages such as support for ASP.NET, support for the Microsoft .NET framework, and compatibility with other Microsoft products and technologies.
WordPress
WordPress is a popular, open-source content management system (CMS) used for creating and managing websites.
Zen Cart
Zen Cart is a free, open-source e-commerce platform and content management system (CMS) written in PHP.
Zone file
It is a text file that contains information about a specific DNS zone, such as the domain name and IP address of the servers hosting the domain.
400 Bad Request
This indicates that the Request could not be understood or is invalid and the server is unable to process it.
401 Unauthorized
This indicates that the Request requires authentication.
403 Forbidden
This indicates that the client (e.g. browser) is authenticated and has access rights, but the server is still refusing to serve the requested resource.
404 File Not Found
This indicates that the server could not find the requested resource. It means that the client's request for a specific URL or web page could not be located on the server.
500 Internal Server Error
This indicates that an unexpected condition was encountered by the server. This is a general error message that can be triggered by many different issues like misconfigured server or malfunctioning application.
502 Bad Gateway
This indicates that the server, acting as a gateway or proxy, received an invalid response from an upstream server.
It means that the gateway server was unable to forward the client's request to the intended server, and the client is unable to access the requested resource.
503 Service Unavailable
This indicates that the server is temporarily unable to handle the client's request. It means that the server is currently unable to handle the incoming traffic, and is either overloaded or undergoing maintenance.
